Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO)

Diseases:
Autoimmune Thyroiditis (e.g. Graves Disease, Hashimoto Thyroiditis)
 

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) represents one of the main autoantigenic targets in autoimmune thyroid disease of humans. Its identity with the formerly so-called microsomal antigen has been shown several years ago. As an integral membrane glycoprotein it is restricted to the apical plasma membrane of the follicular epithelial cells and comprises two identical subunits of approx. 100 kDa molecular weight. The hemoprotein TPO plays a key role in thyroid hormone biosynthesis by catalyzing both the iodination of tyrosyl residues and the coupling of iodotyrosyl residues in thyroglobulin (TG) to form precursors of the thyroid hormones T4 and T3.

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is expressed by DIARECT in the baculovirus expression system. DIARECT produces a truncated soluble TPO molecule, which consists of the epitope-bearing extracytoplasmic domain. The recombinant production of an engineered TPO antigen eliminates the purity problems of the classical microsomal antigen preparations, which are inevitably contaminated with thyroglobulin, one of the other major thyroid autoantigens.

TPO antibodies, the hallmark of human autoimmune thyroid disease, are of IgG class. TPO antibodies occur with a prevalence of about 90% in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and in patients with Graves Disease at a lower prevalence of 70-95%.

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    甲狀腺過氧化物酶是自身免疫性甲狀腺疾病中重要的自身抗原標靶之一。被稱為微粒體抗原的甲狀腺過氧化物酶早在幾年前已被證實其存在。作為一個內膜糖蛋白，它位于甲狀腺濾泡上皮細胞的頂端質膜上，含有兩個相同的亞基，分子量約為100kDa。血紅素蛋白TPO在甲狀腺激素合成中扮演著重要的角色，它不但催化酪氨酸殘基的碘化，而且在免疫球蛋白到甲狀腺激素T3和T4的初期形式中碘化酪氨酸殘基的偶聯。

DIARECT在桿狀病毒表達系統中表達TPO，DIARECT生產的TPO分子是包含胞質外域抗原表位的截短的可溶物。重組TPO抗原根除了經典的微粒體抗原制備過程中的純度問題，不會有甲狀腺球蛋白的污染。TPO抗體是人類自身免疫甲狀腺疾病的標志，屬于IgG。90％的橋本氏甲狀腺炎，以及

70-95％的Graves病是由TPO自身抗體造成的。